機械配重是將金屬熔煉成(cheng)符合(he) 要求的液體并澆進鑄(zhu)型里，經(jing)冷卻凝固、清(qing)整處理后 有預定形狀、尺寸(cun)和性能的鑄(zhu)件的工藝過(guo)程(cheng)。

　　目前(qian)機(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)是(shi)現代機(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)造(zao)工業的(de)(de)基礎(chu)工藝(yi)之一。機(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)是(shi)人類掌握比較早的(de)(de)一種(zhong)金屬熱加(jia)工工藝(yi)，已有約6000年的(de)(de)歷史。輕(qing)重(zhong)工業機(ji)械(xie)配重(zhong)可以用于不(bu)同領域(yu)的(de)(de)不(bu)同產品(pin)上面做配件(jian)，充分起到(dao)了增加(jia)重(zhong)量和保持平衡的(de)(de)作用。

　　機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)也不于(yu)應用(yong)在大(da)型機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)設備上同時也廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于(yu)各個行(xing)業(ye)里，比如(ru)用(yong)在工程機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)中，例如(ru)挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)、叉車機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)、裝載(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)、起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)。重(zhong)(zhong)工業(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)一般按造型方(fang)法來分(fen)類，習(xi)慣上分(fen)為普通(tong)砂型機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)特重(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)。

　　普(pu)通砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包括濕砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、干砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、化學(xue)硬(ying)化砂型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)類(lei)(lei)。特種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按(an)造型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)的不同(tong)，又可分為(wei)兩大類(lei)(lei)：一(yi)類(lei)(lei)以(yi) 礦(kuang)產砂石作為(wei)主(zhu)要造型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)，如熔模(mo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、殼(ke)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、負壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、泥型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、實型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、陶瓷(ci)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng);一(yi)類(lei)(lei)以(yi)金屬作為(wei)主(zhu)要鑄型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)，如金屬型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、離心機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、連續(xu)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、壓(ya)(ya)力機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)業機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)藝(yi)可分為(wei)三(san)個基本部分，即機(ji)(ji)械(xie)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金屬準備、鑄型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)準備和鑄件處(chu)理。