有些鑄件因要求,還要經鑄件后處理,如熱處理、整形、防銹處理、粗加工等.裝載機配重是(shi)比較(jiao)經濟的(de)毛坯成形(xing)方法,對(dui)于(yu)形(xing)狀復雜的(de)零件更能顯示出它的(de)經濟性.如汽車發(fa)動機的(de)缸體和缸蓋(gai),船舶螺(luo)旋槳以及精致的(de)藝術品等(deng).

　　有些難以切削的零件,如燃汽輪機的鎳基合金零件不用配重鐵方法無(wu)法成形.另外,配重鐵的零(ling)件尺(chi)寸和重量的適應(ying)范(fan)圍很寬,金(jin)屬種類(lei)幾乎不(bu)受(shou)限制;零(ling)件在具(ju)有一般(ban)機(ji)械性能的同(tong)時,還具(ju)有耐(nai)磨、耐(nai)腐蝕、吸震等綜合性能,是其他金(jin)屬成形方法如鍛(duan)、軋、焊、沖等所做不(bu)到(dao)的.

　　因此在機(ji)(ji)器制造(zao)業中用配重鐵(tie)方法生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛坯零件,在數量(liang)和噸(dun)位上迄今仍是最多的(de)(de)(de)(de).配重鐵(tie)生產經(jing)常要用的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料有(you)各種(zhong)金屬、焦炭(tan)、木材、塑料、氣(qi)體和液體燃料、造(zao)型(xing)材料等(deng).所需設備有(you)冶煉金屬用的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)爐子,有(you)混砂(sha)(sha)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)混砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji),有(you)造(zao)型(xing)造(zao)芯(xin)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)造(zao)型(xing)機(ji)(ji)、造(zao)芯(xin)機(ji)(ji),有(you)清(qing)理(li)鑄件用的(de)(de)(de)(de)落砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji)、拋丸機(ji)(ji)等(deng).

　　還有(you)(you)供(gong)特(te)種配重(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)用的機(ji)器和(he)設備以及許多運輸(shu)和(he)物料處(chu)理(li)的設備.配重(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)生(sheng)產有(you)(you)與其他工藝不同的特(te)點,主要是適應性廣(guang)、需(xu)用材料和(he)設備多、污染環境(jing).配重(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)生(sheng)產會產生(sheng)粉塵、有(you)(you)害氣體和(he)噪(zao)聲(sheng)對(dui)環境(jing)的污染,比起其他機(ji)械(xie)制造(zao)工藝來更為(wei)嚴(yan)重(zhong),需(xu)要采取措(cuo)施進行控制.

　　機械配重鐵(tie)用于增加自(zi)身重(zhong)(zhong)量來保持平衡的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)物，是(shi)將(jiang)噴丸機(ji)熔(rong)煉成符合 要求(qiu)的(de)液體并澆進鑄型(xing)里，經冷(leng)卻凝(ning)固(gu)、清整處理后有預定(ding)形(xing)狀(zhuang)、尺寸和性能的(de)鑄件的(de)工藝過程。

　　重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)業(ye)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)一般按造型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法來分(fen)類(lei)，習慣上(shang)分(fen)為(wei)普通(tong)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)和特(te)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)。普通(tong)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)包(bao)括濕砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、干砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、化(hua)學硬化(hua)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)類(lei)。特(te)種配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)按造型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)的(de)不同，又(you)可分(fen)為(wei)兩大類(lei)：一類(lei)以(yi) 礦產砂(sha)石作(zuo)為(wei)主要(yao)造型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)，如熔(rong)模配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、殼(ke)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、負壓配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、泥型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、實型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、陶瓷型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)等;一類(lei)以(yi)金屬(shu)作(zuo)為(wei)主要(yao)鑄(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)，如金屬(shu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、離心配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、連續配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、壓力(li)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)、低壓配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)等。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)業(ye)配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)工(gong)藝(yi)可分(fen)為(wei)三(san)個基本部分(fen)，即配(pei)(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)金屬(shu)準(zhun)備(bei)、鑄(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)準(zhun)備(bei)和鑄(zhu)件處(chu)理。